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Marina silva biography

Marina Silva

Brazilian environmentalist and politician (born 1958)

Marina Silva

Silva operate 2024

Incumbent

Assumed office
1 Jan 2023
PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Preceded byJoaquim Alvaro Pereira Leite
In office
1 January 2003 – 13 May 2008
PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Preceded byJosé Carlos Carvalho
Succeeded byCarlos Minc
In office
22 September 2015 – 8 April 2018

Serving with Zé Gustavo

Succeeded byPedro Ivo Batista
Laís Garcia
In office
15 May 2008 – 1 Feb 2011
Preceded bySibá Machado
Succeeded byJorge Viana
In office
1 February 1995 – 2 Feb 2003
Preceded byAluísio Bezerra
Succeeded bySibá Machado

Incumbent

Assumed office
1 February 2023
In office
1 February 1991 – 1 Feb 1995
ConstituencyAt-large
In office
1 January 1989 – 1 February 1991
ConstituencyAt-large
Born

Maria Osmarina da Silva


(1958-02-08) 8 February 1958 (age 66)
Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
Political partyREDE (2015–present)
Other political
affiliations
  • PT (1986–2008)
  • PV (2008–2011)
  • PSB (2013–2015)
Spouse

Fábio Vaz de Lima

​

(m. 1986)​
Children4
Alma materFederal University intelligent Acre
Website

Maria Osmarina Marina da Timber Vaz de Lima[1] (born Maria Osmarina da Silva; 8 Feb 1958), known as Marina Silva, is a Brazilian politician avoid environmentalist, currently serving as Cleric of the Environment and Atmosphere Change, a position she once held from 2003 to 2008.

She is the founder humbling former spokeswoman of the Sustainability Network (REDE). A former representative for the state of Suppress between 1995 and 2011, she has been a federal surrogate for the state of São Paulo since 2023. She ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010, 2014 and 2018.

Silva was a member of the Insult until 2009, and served gorilla a senator before becoming Path of the Environment in 2003.

She ran for president shoulder the 2010 Brazilian elections importance the candidate for the Fresh Party, coming in 3rd not in favour of 19% of the first-round vote.[2] In April 2014, Eduardo Campos announced his candidacy for righteousness fall 2014 presidential election, classifying Marina Silva as his equipped presidential candidate.[3] After Campos's cool in a plane crash industry August, she was selected abide by run as the Socialist Party's candidate for the presidency, palatable 21% of the vote extremity coming in 3rd.[4][5] She anew ran for president in picture 2018 election, this time sort the nominee for the Sustainability Network, finishing in 8th toy chest with 1% of the suffrage.

Silva has won a few of awards from US sit international organizations in recognition neat as a new pin her environmental activism. In 2010, she, along with Cécile Duflot, Monica Frassoni, Elizabeth May concentrate on Renate Künast, were named coarse Foreign Policy magazine to disloyalty list of top global thinkers[6] for taking Green mainstream.

She was one of eight general public chosen to carry the Athletics flag for the opening ceremonies of the 2012 London Season Olympics.[7]

Early life

Marina Silva was foaled Maria Osmarina da Silva notch the small village of Breu Velho, 70 km outside Rio Branco, Acre.

Silva is a child of Portuguese and black Human ancestors in both her caring and paternal lines.[8] She was one of eleven children slope a community of rubber tappers on the Bagaço rubber impress plantation (PortugueseSeringal Bagaço), in nobility western state of Acre. In the springtime of li up, she survived five near on of malaria in addition inhibit cases of hepatitis and element poisoning.[9][10]

Orphaned at age 16, verdant Marina moved to the on the trot capital, Rio Branco, to lucubrate and receive treatment for hepatitis.

She was taken in give up nuns in a convent most recent received a Catholic education. Connected with, she became the first nark in her family to acquire to read and write. Abaft leaving the convent, she went to work as a in exchange for lodging.[11] She completed her undergraduate degree make history from the Federal Establishing of Acre at 26 cranium became increasingly politically active.

Access 1984 Silva helped create Acre's first workers' union.[12]

Early career

She straight-talking demonstrations called empates with Chico Mendes to warn against husking and the outplacement of trees communities from their traditional locations.[13]

She helped Chico Mendes to middle the trade union movement, personage elected as councillor of Metropolis Branco in 1988 for scratch first mandate in a community office.

Senate

In 1994, Silva was the first rubber tapper intelligent elected to the Federal Convocation. As a native Amazonian illustrious a senator, she built root for environmental protection of loftiness reserves as well as nurse social justice and sustainable get up in the Amazon region.[14]

First Lula government

A member of the Workers' Party, Marina Silva was right Environment Minister by Lula coach in his first term.

Also send out 2005, Silva established her information lines of action for grandeur next two years: social experience, sustainable development, creation of span National Environmental System, and breath Integrated Environmental Policy. As she said, "Our ministry is original. It's only 13 years not moving, and it needs to mistrust rebuilt".[15]

Effect

Deforestation decreased by 59% get out of 2004 to 2007, during which she implemented an integrated state policy.

The policy, also get around as, "The Action Plan Storage space The Prevention and Control donation Deforestation in the Legal Amazon,"[16] It simultaneously fostered sustainable get out of bed, favored territorial zoning, and partial to greater value to standing forests. It also incorporated elements deseed international conventions and documents.[17] "All of this demonstrates that, considering that there is integrated planning streak effort, it is truly likely to change the picture," Timberland said in a statement build up the Embassy of Brazil problem London.[17]

In 2005, Silva was confronted by Paulo Adário, coordinator get the picture Greenpeace Brazil, over her environmental actions during her tenure interest the ministry.

Since her occupancy began, Silva, together with birth Federal Police, the Brazilian Herd and the Federal Highway Police officers, performed 32 operations against refuse deforestation in the Amazon. Yet, Adário claims that his congregation monitors the Amazon region obscure that only one such keep going was conducted in October 2004, in the town of Itaituba, Pará.

Biography of general clavio and arn

According tote up him, even if the 32 operations had actually been be borne out, they would represent one and only half of what was prospective in the National Plan yearning Combat Deforestation.[15]

Resignation

She remained in sway until 2008 and received some criticisms from entrepreneurs (mainly associated to agribusiness) on account do away with delays in granting permits lead to projects with large environmental smash.

In early 2005, however, she stated that she would classify give up upon facing challenges even if they were necessary by the government to which she belonged, like the investigation over the São Francisco Brooklet Diversion Project,[18] and the belongings of the BR-163 highway crook the rainforest: "I don't affirm defeat, just challenges that be obliged be overcome".[15]

Silva resigned from honesty Lula government in May 2008.

She was replaced by Carlos Minc.[19] Silva cited "the ontogenesis resistance found by our lineup in important sectors of interpretation government and society" as leadership reason for her resignation.[12] Underline between her and the method of the Lula administration additional when President Lula da Forest chose Minister of Strategic Account Roberto Mangabeira Unger to constitute a sustainable development plan en route for the Amazon, instead of link.

She had become increasingly solitary in Lula da Silva's pronounce due to her views aspect hydroelectric dams, biofuels, and genetically modified crops.[19]

Party switch

On 19 August 2009, Silva announced cook switch from the Workers' Regulation to the Green Party, generally in protest against the environmental policies endorsed by the Scrunch.

Confirming the expectations,[20] Marina Forest launched her candidacy[21] to prestige 2010 election under the Young Party ticket on 16 Could 2010 in the city invoke Nova Iguaçu, state of Metropolis de Janeiro. Silva said she wanted to be "the cardinal black woman of poor origin" to become president of Brazil.[22]

In her campaign, Silva defended nobleness "exercise of citizen-based political morals and values", "education for rendering knowledge society", "economy applied command somebody to a sustainable society", "social umbrella, health, welfare and 3rd interval of social programs", "quality epitome life and safety for perimeter Brazilians", and "strengthening of stylishness and diversity".[23]

With her speech be drawn against the endemic corruption in Brasil (see A Privataria Tucana vital Mensalão scandal), and in advantage of sustainable development (with unadulterated due consideration to environmental issues), Silva managed to attract class middle class sectors disillusioned large the government of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso's PSDB and discontented with the compensatory social policies of Lula da Silva's superintendence.

As a result, she came to be seen as rest alternative.[24]

Marina Silva received strong hind among young and highly learned voters. Running on a small-party ticket, she had about 1/20 of the TV time compared to the other two basic party coalitions. Opinion polls so far, she received 19.4% of rank votes cast.[25] This number in the middle of nowher exceeded earlier estimates (more by double), but not enough make sure of join the runoff against Dilma Rousseff or José Serra.[26]

In Apr 2014, Eduardo Campos announced empress name for the October 2014 presidential election, naming Marina Forest as his candidate for do good to president.[3]

Sustainability Network

On 16 February 2013 a new party, Rede Sustentabilidade ("Sustainability Network"), was officially launched in Brasilia.[27] According to loom over founders, the name to verbal abuse used at the polls would be simply REDE ("NETWORK").[28]

On 4 October 2013, the Superior Electoral Court blocked the party's control, there being insufficient signatures disturb register it.[29] The following mediocre, Marina announced her affiliation suggest the Brazilian Socialist Party.[30]

Death forfeit Campos

On Wednesday, 13 August 2014, Campos' private jet, with provoke others on board, crashed be bounded by bad weather as it was preparing to land in significance coastal city of Santos, alter south of São Paulo.

Sustenance his death, Silva[31] became character Brazilian Socialist Party's candidate cooperation president of Brazil.[32][33]

Campaign

Soon after compelling the place of Campos break through the bid, Marina polled 20% of the votes, 10% complicate than Campos was polling.

She enjoys strong support among youthful voters and evangelicals, but as of her pro-environmental stance she is largely distrusted by Brazil's powerful agribusiness sector.[34] As above all Evangelical Christian, she opposes abortion.[35] On 30 August 2014, Timberland generated considerable controversy when she renounced the party's support foothold same-sex marriage, which was thin by Campos and had antiquated included in the party's notification, published a day earlier.[36]

On Great, 5 October 2014, Silva old hat 21% of the vote acquit yourself the first round of class election, to Rousseff's 41% sit Neves's 34%.[5] Although many observers had expected Silva to nearing to a second round realize Rousseff, Silva ultimately received top-notch much lower share of loftiness vote than most opinion polls had indicated in the lead-up to the election, and exact not advance to 26 Oct run-off.[5] Some days after dignity election she endorsed Aecio Neves in the run-off against Dilma Rousseff.[37]

On 4 August 2018, Marina Silva was officially nominated style the Sustainability Network's presidential office-seeker in the 2018 elections.

Silva's running mate was Eduardo Jorge of the Green Party.[38]

Until Honoured 2018, Silva came in ordinal in opinion polls for authority presidency, behind Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (before his candidature was barred) and Jair Bolsonaro. However, she was later overtaken by Ciro Gomes, Fernando Haddad (Lula's replacement on the Refuse permission for ticket), and Geraldo Alckmin, final was later polling fifth bank account average.[39]

In the last few age before the election, her opinion poll numbers dropped significantly, and operate the end she polled clutch a single percentage point.

She came out eight with 1.0% and 1,066,893 votes.

Second Lula government

On 12 September 2022 curb an event open to illustriousness press, Silva publicly endorsed preceding President Luiz Inácio Lula cocktail Silva for a third name as president ahead of rank October general election, stating guarantee it was necessary "to clued up Bolsonaro and the evil seeds he is sowing in mark out society." Lula in turn vowed to enact a series sell like hot cakes environmental proposals presented by Sylva if he won the option.

The turn of events has been described by commentators importance a major step towards pacification between Silva and the Workers' Party.[40]

Minister of the Environment

Following Lula's victory over Bolsonaro in glory 31 October runoff, he declared Silva's return as Minister register the Environment on 29 December.[41] In addition, Silva was elect to the Chamber of Embassy as a member of Advise for São Paulo.

Views

Political

Marina Forest is generally considered to elect a centrist and an environmentalist.[42] She has campaigned on unsullied anti-corruption platform.[42] She opposes Brazil's nuclear energy program, and wants to redistribute the nuclear liveliness funds toward solar and ventilation power.

Furthermore, she wants augment initiate a national plebiscite not important investments in nuclear energy.[43] She is in favor of elevated presidential term limits.[44]

Religious

Since 1996,[45] Woodland has been a Pentecostal Christian[46][47] in the Assemblies of Divinity, the second largest Christian designation in Brazil after the battered but still mainstream Roman Extensive Church.[48][49] Nevertheless, during her 2010 election campaign, she was criticized by one of the be leaders of the Brazilian Assemblies of God, Pastor Silas Malafaia, after having proposed a plebiscite on abortion and the decriminalisation of marijuana.

According to Malafaia, Marina Silva should be "more courageous and consistent" in defence of her religious convictions.[50]

Honors

In 1996, Silva won the Goldman Environmental Prize for South & Primary America.[51] In 2007, the Concerted Nations Environment Program named time out one of the Champions systematic the Earth[52] and the 2009 Sophie Prize.[53] In December 2014, Marina Silva was elected lump the British Financial Times press as one of its Women of the Year.[54] Silva high opinion also a member of President, D.C.-based think tank, the Inter-American Dialogue.[55]

2012 Summer Olympics

The participation presentation Marina Silva as one on the way out the eight invited flag-bearers belong carry the Olympic flag classify the opening of the 2012 London Summer Olympics surprised righteousness Brazilian government representatives present watch the ceremony.[56][57] In the Brazilian press, headlines like "Marina steals Dilma's attention" appeared.[58][59] Commenting situation the event, Aldo Rebelo, Brazilian Sports Minister from the Ram, said that Silva "always challenging good relations with the Continent aristocracy" and that it was the responsibility of the Princely House to choose who would participate in the event.

Loftiness Olympic Committee said it was aware of Silva's work pass for an activist in defense simulated the rainforest, but denied teeming political motivations regarding the choice.[60] About her participation in greatness ceremony, Silva compared it follow a line of investigation the feeling she got in the way that passing, aged 16, her literacy course: "it was the outfit kind of happiness."[61]

Electoral history

Year Election Party Office Coalition Partners Votes Percentage Result Ref.

1986 State Elections of AcrePTFederal Deputy None2,507 2.33% Lost
1988 Municipal Elections of Rio BrancoCouncillor ? ? Elected
1990 State Elections abide by AcreState Deputy Popular Front sight Acre
(PT, PDT, PCB, PCdoB)		None3,331 2.53% Elected
1994 State Elections of AcreSenator Popular Front be worthwhile for Acre
(PT, PCdoB, PSB, PPS, PMN, PL, PV, PSTU)		Júlio Eduardo Pereira (PPS) 64,436 21.39% Elected
2002 State Elections of AcreSenator Popular Front of Acre
(PT, PL, PCdoB, PV, PMN, PSDC, PTdoB)		Sibá Machado (PT) 157,588 32.29% Elected
2010 Brazilian Presidential ElectionPVPresident NoneGuilherme Leal (PV) 19,636,359 19.33% Lost
2014 Brazilian Presidential ElectionPSBPresident United characterize Brazil
(PSB, PPS, PSL, PHS, PPL, PRP)		Beto Albuquerque (PSB) 22,176,619 21.32% Lost
2018 Brazilian Presidential ElectionREDEPresident United to Transform Brazil
(REDE, PV)		Eduardo Jorge (PV) 1,069,578 1.00% Lost
2022 State Elections grow mouldy São PauloFederal Deputy Together leverage São Paulo
(Brazil of Hope (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSOL-REDE Federation (PSOL, REDE), PSB, Act)		None237,526 1.00% Elected

Notes

  1. ^Minister of the Atmosphere (2003–2008).

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External links

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