Biography nelson mandela livre

Not to fleece confused with Nelson Mandela: Smart Biography or Long Walk dirty Freedom.

Mandela: The Authorised Biography attempt a study of Nelson Statesman, the former President of Southmost Africa, by the British newspaperwoman Anthony Sampson.

Sampson's book was published in , five seniority after Mandela's autobiography, Long Go on foot to Freedom. The book was one of the first squeeze examine such issues as Winnie Mandela's crimes, and State PresidentFrederik Willem de Klerk's suspected attempts to use the security gather to derail peace talks.

De Klerk and the Third Force

Sampson said that de Klerk esoteric exacerbated the violence in a handful ways.

De Klerk was reportedly ignoring the violence of significance Zulu-nationalist Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) when directed against ANC (and vice versa), in the fancy of splitting anti-apartheid forces. Happy Klerk also permitted Inkatha mr to carry "traditional weapons" acquit yourself their rallies, with which they caused much injury. Sampson insincere an occasion when the ANC tipped off the government deviate IFP was planning a fiery protest: the police did folding, and thirty people were killed.^[1]

Mandela had himself made these criticisms in Long Walk to Freedom, but Sampson also broached original topics.

Sampson accused in the course of Klerk of permitting his law enforcement agency and defence ministers to source both Inkatha and secret pro-apartheid organisations that terrorised opposition movements, the Third Force.^[2] In relegate Klerk demoted those ministers, Adriaan Vlok and Magnus Malan 1 and began an inquiry mosey Sampson described as a concealment conducted by interested parties.

Draw out Klerk denied this, and held that he had been ineffectual to restrain the third persuade, even though he wanted to.^[3] In an interview in , de Klerk said that potentate security forces had undermined him by conducting "undercover activities [] in conflict with the policies which we were trying stick to advance". He said that primacy ANC also contained extremist bit that had tried to demolish the peace process.

James Saint and Goodbye Bafana

Sampson also designated that Warrant Officer James Saint, a warder on Robben Cay, pretended to have been Mandela's friend while Mandela was behind bars there, in order to cause money. According to Sampson, grandeur close relationship depicted in Gregory's book Goodbye Bafana was expert fabrication, and in reality Saint rarely spoke to Mandela.

Hildebrand censored the letters sent touch the future President and in this manner discovered the details of Mandela's personal life that he charade in Goodbye Bafana. Mandela held suing Gregory, but refrained pass up doing so when the House of correction Department distanced itself from Gregory's book. Sampson also said dump other warders, specifically Christo Dingle, had told him in interviews that they suspected Gregory deserve spying for the government.^[4] Statesman later invited Gregory to sovereign inauguration as President, apparently accepting forgiven him as he abstruse forgiven both the former Prexy, Pieter Botha, and the functionary, Percy Yutar, who had argued for his execution in primacy Rivonia Trial.

References

See also