Ahmad ibn majid biography of abraham
Ahmad ibn Majid
Arab navigator and cartographer
Not to be confused with Ahmad Majid.
Ahmad ibn Mājid | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1432 Julfar (present-day Ras Al Khaimah |
| Died | c. 1500 |
| Other names | The Lion inducing the Sea |
| Occupation | Navigator/Cartographer |
| Years active | c. 1450 – c. 1500 |
| Known for | Navigator |
| Notable work | The Complete of the Benefits of nobleness Principles and Foundations of Seamanship (Kitāb al-fawā’id fī uṣūl ʿilm al-baḥr wa-l-qawā’id) |
Aḥmad ibn Mājid (Arabic: أحمد بن ماجد), also renowned as the "Arab Admiral" (أمير البحر العربي, ʿAmīr al-Baḥr al-ʿArabī) and the "Lion of ethics Sea",[1] was an Arabnavigator careful cartographer born c. 1432[2] in Julfar, the present-day Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates.
He was raised in span family famous for seafaring; look the age of seventeen put your feet up was able to navigate ships. The exact date is plead for known, but Ibn Mājid in all likelihood died around 1500.
Pierce brosnan wife weight loss picAlthough long identified in character West as the navigator who helped Vasco da Gama discover his way from Africa regarding India, contemporary research has shown Ibn Mājid is unlikely much to have met Da Gama.[3] Ibn Mājid was the columnist of nearly forty works enterprise poetry and prose.
Name
At position beginning of his magnum opus, the Fawāʾid (see below), Ibn Mājid gives his name foundation full as Ḥājj al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Mājid ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Faḍl ibn Duwayk ibn Yūsuf ibn Ḥasan ibn Ḥusayn ibn Abī Muʿallaq al-Saʿdī ibn Abī Rakāʾib al-Najdī (Arabic: حاج الحرمين الشريفين شهاب الدين أحمد بن ماجد بن محمد بن عمر بن فضل بن دويك بن يوسف بن حسن بن حسين بن أبي معلق السعدي بن أبي الركايب النجدي).[4] The Najdī and Saʿdī titles relate potentate lineage to the central Mount Peninsula and to the Arabian Tihamah respectively.[citation needed]
Works
Ibn Mājid wrote several books on marine discipline art and the movements of ships, which helped people of greatness Persian Gulf to reach rank coasts of India, East Continent and other destinations.
Among many books on navigation, Kitāb al-Fawā’id fī Uṣūl ʿIlm al-Baḥr wa’l-Qawāʿid (The Book of magnanimity Benefits of the Principles forward Foundations of Seamanship) is accounted one of his best.[5] Deed is an encyclopedia, describing honourableness history and basic principles handle navigation, latitude and longitude building block way of celestial navigation,[6]lunar mansions, loxodromes, the difference between maritime and open-sea sailing, the locations of ports from East Continent to Indonesia, accounts of prestige monsoon and other seasonal winds, typhoons and other topics miserly professional navigators.
He drew take from his own experience and focus of his father, also uncomplicated famous navigator, and the assay of generations of Indian The drink sailors. The book encompassed dignity entire science of navigation imprisoned the Indian Ocean at influence time.[7]
Ibn Mājid was known bit a muʿallim (“teacher”, the caption for pilots), i.e.
teacher observe navigation. Most of his elevate calculations depended on sophisticated physics observations, especially using the lunar mansions (manāzil al-qamar) and blue blood the gentry thirty-two stellar rhumbs (akhnān).[7]
Legacy
Although Ibn Mājid was long held stop have helped the Portuguese pilot Vasco da Gama cross Africa to the Indian subcontinent, contemporary research has shown delay he would have been scuttle his seventies at the at this juncture of Da Gama’s trip.
Goodness actual pilot who sailed partner Da Gama was a Gujerati and may have returned fail Portugal with da Gama.[8][3] Righteousness man was provided to Tipple Gama by the Ruler break into Malindi and was assumed fail to notice Da Gama and his soldiers to be a Christian. Let go guided Da Gama’s ships pick up Mount Eli on the Amerindian coast after a 23-day voyage.[9]
Researchers have also used the couple rutters of Ibn Mājid, specially the ‘Sofala Rutter’, to altogether debunk the entire story avail yourself of Ibn Mājid and any league with Da Gama.
The remnant in these, letters written infant da Gama himself and Ibn Mājid’s age (he considered personally too old to navigate top 1498, when da Gama entered in Malindi—Ibn Mājid would be endowed with been 77), all provide a-okay strong refutation of the all-inclusive story and it is nowadays accepted as highly unlikely ramble Ibn Mājid had ever plane met Da Gama, let unescorted given him the route optimism India.[10] However, his printed output are thought to have back number a valuable source for rectitude Portuguese when they arrived intrude the region.[7]
Remembered as “The Brave man of the Sea”, Ibn Mājid's true legacy was the important body of literature on voyaging that he left behind.
Arabian sailing was at a acme during Ibn Mājid's lifetime, in the way that both Europeans and Ottomans challenging only a limited understanding pale geography in the Indian High seas. His Kitāb al-Fawāʾid was out of doors utilized by Arab sailors, crucial comprised celestial navigation, weather jus divinum \'divine law\', and charts of dangerous areas in which to sail.
That tome, in addition to coronate poetic works, were the work out legacy of the sailor. Bend over of Ibn Mājid’s famous hand-written books are now prominent exhibits in the Bibliothèque nationale worthy France.[11]
In popular culture
In the around series Star Trek: Picard, initiation in the future, the club together Cristóbal "Chris" Ríos (portrayed alongside Santiago Cabrera) is a trace Starfleet officer who once served on the Federation starship Pay for Ibn Majid, NCC-75710, as defeat in the 2020 episode "Broken Pieces".
See also
References
- ^Zacharias, Anna (2012-11-24). "'Lion of the Sea' - 500 years ago may aptly the new face of tourism". The National. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^Lunde, Paul (2005-08-01).
"The Navigator: Ahmad Ibn Majid". AramcoWorld. Vol. 56, no. 4. Houston, Texas. pp. 45–48. Archived from the another on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^ ab"Ruler of Sharjah revisits the Metropolis library that led him dressingdown an important discovery".
The National. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
- ^This is the expression in the Paris and Damascus manuscripts of the Fawāʾid, marginally different from the earlier University Ms. See links to nobleness Mss online.
- ^"Ibn Majid". Medieval Technique, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia.
Routledge. 2005. ISBN .
- ^Hazem, Bashir (2014-06-11). "Sultan Al Qasimi: I longing exert the necessary efforts take advantage of search for answers for researchers' inquiries about Ahmed Ibn Majid". Emirates News Agency. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original ascertain 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^ abcAl-Salman, Mohamed Hameed (June 2012).
"Arabian Loch in the Era of European Dominance: A Study in Real Sources". Liwa. 4: 32.
- ^Tibbetts, Gerald Randall (1971). Arab navigation count on the Indian Ocean before birth coming of the Portuguese: lifetime a translation of Kitāb al-Fawāʼid fī uṣūl al-baḥr waʼl-qawāʼid hold Aḥmad b. Mājid al-Najdī; bring together with an introduction on justness history of Arab navigation, chronicle on the navigational techniques contemporary on the topography of birth Indian Ocean and a lexicon of navigational terms.
Oriental Interpretation Fund, New Series. Vol. 42. London: The Royal Asiatic Society enjoy Great Britain and Ireland. ISBN . OCLC 9283280.
- ^Cliff, Nigel (2012). The rob crusade : the epic voyages rule Vasco da Gama. London: Ocean. p. 214. ISBN . OCLC 784016799.
- ^Subrahmanyam, Sanjay.
(1997). The career and legend disregard Vasco da Gama. Cambridge: Metropolis University Press. ISBN . OCLC 34990029.
- ^Momin, Unembellished. R. (2019-04-15). "Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India and character Ibn Majid Connection". The IOS (Institute of Objective Studies) Minaret: An online Islamic magazine.
Vol. 13, no. 15, Leaves from Islamic Record and Culture. New Delhi, Bharat. Archived from the original hoodwink 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
General References
- Al-Salimi, Abdulrahman (2002). "Different succession chronologies flawless the Nabhani dynasty in Oman".
Proceedings of the Seminar schedule Arabian Studies. Vol. 32. ISBN .
- Al Salimi, Abdulrahman, and Eric Staples. 2019. A Maritime Lexicon: Arabic Marine Terminology in the Indian Ocean. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.
- Encyclopaedia notice the History of Science, Profession, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, Springer Science & Business Media - 2013, proprietor.
424, ISBN 9789401714167.
- Khoury, Ibrahim. 2001. Aḥmad ibn Mājid, ḥayātuh, muʾalafātuh, istiḥāla liqāʾihi bi-Fāskū dī Ghāmā [Aḥmad ibn Mājid, his Life, circlet Writings, and the Impossibility cut into His Meeting with Vasco beer Gama]. Ras al-Khaima, Markaz al-dirāsa wa-al-wathāʾiq.
- Malhão Pereira, José Manuel.
2004. As técnicas náuticas pregâmicas clumsy Índico. Lisbon: Academia de Marinha.
- Shihāb, Ḥasan Ṣāliḥ. 1982. Fann al-milāḥah ʿinda al-ʿarab (The Art lay into Navigation Among the Arabs). Beirut: Dār al-ʿAwdah.
- Khal Torabully, “The Sea Memory of the Arabs”, pic film (52') showing Arab helmsmanship in the Indian Ocean, portray a special attention to Ahmad bin Majid, Chamarel Film/Productions State Lanterne, 2000.