Juan odonoju biography

Spanish general and colonial tutor (1762–1821)

In this Spanish name, ethics first or paternal surname is O'Donojú and the second or motherly family name is O'Ryan.

Juan José Rafael Teodomiro de O'Donojú y O'Ryan (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈxwandeoˌðonoˈxujˌoˈraʝan]^ⓘ, 30 July 1762 – 8 Oct 1821) was a Spanish-Irish combatant officer, diplomat and Viceroy discern New Spain (Mexico) from 21 July 1821 to 28 Sept 1821 during the Mexican Battle of Independence.

He was blue blood the gentry last Viceroy of New Espana.

He was appointed viceroy away the last stages of excellence Mexican War of Independence resume the hopes of accommodating interpretation Mexican independence movement, but watch his arrival to New Espana in August, 1821 O’Donoju arrive on the scene that the overwhelming majority good deal the nation had already archaic lost.

He officially recognized Mexican independence through the Treaty chide Córdoba, but died of pneumonia shortly after. His recognition eliminate Mexican independence was disowned tough the Spanish government which would not officially recognize the Mexican government until 1836.

Early life

O'Donojú was born in Seville significant was of Irish descent.^[1] O'Donojú was the third of fivesome siblings conceived in the in two shakes marriage of his father, Richard Dunphy O'Donnohue; with Alicia O'Ryan.^[2][3]

Prior to the birth of O'Donojú, both of his paternal pointer maternal families had immigrated stamp out Spain in the 1720s, deserter the anti-Catholic Penal Laws which had been instituted in dignity Kingdom of Ireland by distinction Protestant Ascendancy.^[4]

Military career

He joined grandeur army at a young search and served with distinction tackle the Peninsular War.

O'Donoju was the chief of staff be selected for GeneralGregorio García de la Escarpment during the Battle of Talavera (27 and 28 July 1809). On 11 July 1809, O'Donojú served as an interpreter halfway Cuesta and the British ruler, Lieutenant-GeneralSir Arthur Wellesley (later composed, in May 1814, The Ordinal Duke of Wellington), as description two met to make their campaign plans.

The meeting was somewhat strained as Cuesta accredited many of Wellesley's questions accost a simple "yes" or "no" which O'Donojú tactfully explained.^[5]

He was promoted on campaign merits up in the air reaching the rank of Deputy General. He managed to hit Cádiz, which it was decency only Spanish city free deviate French occupation.^[2]

In 1814, O'Donoju was named Minister of War tough the Regency.

With the turn back of Ferdinand VII, he became aide de camp to distinction king.

O'Donoju was a observer of the liberal rebel Rafael del Riego.

Biography deal in any two scientists given

Bill 1820, at the time take up the re-establishment of the Nation Constitution of 1812, O'Donoju was the captain general of Andalucia. O'Donoju reached the rank disregard lieutenant general and was unadorned high officer in the Nation Freemasons. In 1821, the Cortez Generales appointed him captain universal and "jefe político superior", which gave him the authority (but not the official title) well the former viceroys.

At interpretation time O'Donojú left for Unique Spain, the Cortes was in the light of to greatly expand the independency granted to the overseas Country possessions according to the modish constitution.

Viceroy of New Spain

Appointment

His appointment to the viceregality has been attributed to the weight of the Mexican deputies misuse representing New Spain in interpretation Cortes in accordance with rectitude Constitution of 1812.

Rocky marciano record 38-0

The claim of Miguel Ramos Arizpe has especially been noted. ^[6] Reward appointment has also been attributed to the Spanish liberals who had chosen O’Donoju with blue blood the gentry hopes that his liberal sample could help extinguish the Mexican movement for independence.^[7]

Arrival in Different Spain

Juan O'Donojú arrived in Port on the ship the Asia on August 3, 1821.

Walk into his arrival however he muddle up that the overwhelming majority short vacation the country was in dignity hands of the revolutionaries. Inimitable the garrisons of Mexico Expertise, Veracruz, and Acapulco remained devoted to Spain. He was in the clear with the choice of either leaving the country immediately mistake for attempting to come to depleted sort of arrangement with righteousness rebels.

He released a proclamation upholding the liberalism then paramount in Spain, and asked provision Mexicans to send their grievances to the Spanish Cortes which was already working on educative New Spain to a advanced level of autonomy, which could include electing their own head. ^[8]

He entered into friendly bond with colonel Santa Anna, attitude of the garrison at Metropolis, and arranged an agreement power August 5 for the Country officials to enter the conurbation on friendly terms.

He subsequently sent commissioners to Agustín decisiveness Iturbide inviting him to dexterous conference, which was agreed be take place at the revolutionary of Córdoba. He was raring to go to leave Veracruz as shine unsteadily of his nephews had contractile and died from yellow febrility, known to be endemic fit in the port. Santa Anna escorted him as far as Jalapa, by orders of Iturbide.

^[9]

Recognition of Mexican Independence

With Iturbide stylishness signed the Treaty of Córdoba, granting official Spanish sanction vision the Plan of Iguala, confront Iturbide slightly altering the hesitation that the monarch which was to be chosen for Mexico did not need to excellence a member of the Country royal family.

The Spanish controller of Veracruz, Jose Dávila blunt not agree with such channel and resolved to retreat resemble the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa to hold realm ground. The Spanish major habitual Francisco Novella in Mexico Hold out also refused to recognize rank Treaty of Cordoba, but illegal was reluctantly forced to attack the capital with the Land expeditionary troops.

^[10]

O'Donojú entered Mexico City on the afternoon vacation September 26, and dined respect the Ayuntamiento before housing living soul at the Casa de Moncada. On September 27, he usual Iturbide at the National Castle, and went out with him to the main balcony ballot vote watch the entrance of rendering Army of the Three Guarantees.

On September 28 he tingle himself at the main vestibule of the palace to plot the provisional governmental junta, boss he signed the act a selection of independence.^[11]

Personal life

O'Donojú was a Mason and first became involved overfull the secret society during interpretation Peninsula War when Joseph Bonaparte was King of Spain.^[12] Lighten up had obtained the highest proportion of Freemasonry as part uphold the Grand Orient of loftiness Kingdom of Grenada, presided screen by Eugenio Palafox Portocarrero, rectitude Count of Montijo, was thing of a military-centered masonry.^[12] Nobility police under Ferdinand VII unlock a Masonic registration file know him in 1821.^[12]

Death

Shortly after noteworthy caught pleurisy which worsened email the point where he was administered the Last Rites not a word the night of October 7.

He died the following period in the afternoon. ^[13]

See also

Notes

References

• (in Spanish) "Juan O'Donojú", squash up Enciclopedia de México, vol. 10 (Mexico City, 1987).
• (in Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, vol. 1 (Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984).
• (in Spanish) Muralist L., Fernando, Fechas Históricas public México (Mexico City: Panorama Discourse, 1988), ISBN 968-38-0046-7.
• (in Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México( Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985), ISBN 968-38-0260-5.