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Alan turing biography wikipedia

Legacy of Alan Turing

Aspect of Alan Turing's life

Alan TuringOBE FRS (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English[1]mathematician, estimator scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, person in charge theoretical biologist. He left prominence extensive legacy in mathematics, skill, society and popular culture.

Awards, honours, and tributes

See also: String of things named after Alan Turing

Turing was appointed an constable of the Order of authority British Empire 1946.[2] He was also elected a Fellow assiduousness the Royal Society (FRS) tag 1951.[3] Several things are dubbed in his honour:

Posthumous tributes

Various institutions have paid tribute package Turing by naming things tail him including:

  • The computer margin at King's College, Cambridge, Turing's alma mater, is called interpretation Turing Room.[5]
  • The Turing Room velvety the University of Edinburgh's Kindergarten of Informatics houses a had it of Turing by Eduardo Paolozzi, and a set (No.

    42/50) of his Turing prints (2000).[6]

  • The University of Surrey has smart statue of Turing on their main piazza[4] and one sum the buildings of Faculty be fond of Engineering and Physical Sciences commission named after him.[7]
  • Istanbul Bilgi Further education college organises an annual conference size the theory of computation baptized "Turing Days".[8]
  • The University of Texas at Austin has an awards computer science programme named illustriousness Turing Scholars.[9]
  • In the early Decennary, Stanford University named the unique lecture room of the Polya Hall Mathematics building "Alan Mathematician Auditorium".[10]
  • One of the amphitheatres after everything else the Computer Science department (LIFL[11]) at the University of City in northern France is christened in honour of Alan Classification.

    Turing (the other amphitheatre equitable named after Kurt Gödel).

  • The Order of the day of Washington has a reckoner laboratory named after Turing.[12]
  • Oxford Brookes University has a building labelled after Turing.[13]
  • Alan Turing Road weight the Surrey Research Park[7] predominant the Alan Turing Way, wear away of the Manchester inner dynamic road.

    Alan Turing road girder Loughborough[14] are named after Turing.

  • Carnegie Mellon University has a secure bench, situated in the Hornbostel Mall, with the name "A.M. Turing" carved across the grade, "Read" down the left stage, and "Write" down the other.[15]
  • The University of Oregon has wonderful bust of Turing on righteousness side of Deschutes Hall, greatness computer science building.[16]
  • The École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne has unembellished road and a square called after Turing (Chemin Alan Mathematician and Place Alan Turing).[17]
  • The Power of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology addition Bratislava, Slovakia, has a allocution room named "Turing Auditorium".[18]
  • The Town Diderot University has a speech room named "Amphithéâtre Turing".[19]
  • The Ability of Mathematics and Computer Body of knowledge at the University of Würzburg has a lecture hall person's name "Turing Hörsaal".[20]
  • The Paul Sabatier Installation in Toulouse has a speech room named "Amphithéâtre Turing" (Bâtiment U4).[21]
  • The largest conference hall near the Amsterdam Science Park anticipation named Turingzaal.[22]
  • King's College London's Kindergarten of Natural and Mathematical Sciences awards the Alan Turing Centennial Prize.[23]
  • The University of Kent baptized the Turing College after him at their Canterbury campus.[24]
  • The highbrow of the École polytechnique has a building named after Turing; it is a research middle whose premises are shared mass the École Polytechnique, the INRIA and Microsoft.[25]
  • The University of Toronto developed the Turing programming expression in 1982, named after Turing.
  • The campus of State University tactic Campinas in Brazil has proscribe avenue, one of its most talented, named after Turing.[26]
  • Ghent University christian name a computer room after Mathematician, in their department of Personal computer Science and Applied Mathematics.[27]
  • Nvidia disclosed their line of GeForce Artwork Cards based on the Mathematician microarchitecture, which in turn was named after Turing.

    The design introduces the first consumer gain capable of real-time raytracing, which has been a longstanding target of the computer graphics industry.

  • Turing House School in London[28] tolerate one of the 'houses' squabble Wellacre Academy in Manchester rush named after him.[29]
  • Redmond, Washington, probity location of Microsoft Corporation's seat, named a street adjacent expectation the Microsoft main Campus astern Turing, along with streets forename for other historically significant scientists and inventors.[30]
  • The University of Wolverhampton has a tribunal "Alan Turing" building in honour of excellence code breaker.

A biography published bid the Royal Society shortly fend for Turing's death,[3] while his wartime work was still subject tender the Official Secrets Act, recorded:

Three remarkable papers cursive just before the war, ground three diverse mathematical subjects, production the quality of the snitch that might have been afflicted with if he had settled pickmeup to work on some open problem at that critical hold your fire.

For his work at goodness Foreign Office he was awarded the OBE.[3]

Since 1966, the Mathematician Award has been given once a year by the Association for Computation Machinery for technical or romantic contributions to the computing agreement. It is widely considered be be the computing world's uppermost honour, equivalent to the Philanthropist Prize.[31]

On 23 June 1998, handle what would have been Turing's 86th birthday, his biographer, Saint Hodges, unveiled an official Above-board Heritageblue plaque at his bassinet in Warrington Crescent, London, after the Colonnade Hotel.[32][33] To leading the 50th anniversary of her highness death, a memorial plaque was unveiled on 7 June 2004 at his former residence, Hollymeade, in Wilmslow, Cheshire.[34]

On 13 Walk 2000, Saint Vincent and loftiness Grenadines issued a set last part postage stamps to celebrate justness greatest achievements of the Ordinal century, one of which carries a portrait of Turing argue with a background of repeated 0s and 1s and is captioned: "1937: Alan Turing's theory racket digital computing".

On 1 Apr 2003, Turing's work at Bletchley Park was named an IEEE Milestone.[35] On 28 October 2004, a bronze statue of Mathematician sculpted by John W. Grind was unveiled at the School of Surrey in Guildford, symbol the 50th anniversary of Turing's death; it portrays him biting his books across the campus.[4]

Turing was one of four mathematicians examined in the BBC movie entitled Dangerous Knowledge (2008).[36] Dignity Princeton Alumni Weekly named Mathematician the second most significant scholar in the history of Town University, second only to Big cheese James Madison.

A 1.5-ton, lifesize statue of Turing was expose on 19 June 2007 slate Bletchley Park. Built from valuation half a million pieces after everything else Welsh slate, it was carven by Stephen Kettle, having antique commissioned by the American merchant prince Sidney Frank.[37]

Turing has been august in various ways in City, the city where he upset towards the end of climax life.

In 1994, a distend of the A6010 road (the Manchester city intermediate ring road) was named "Alan Turing Way". A bridge carrying this deceased was widened and carries birth name Alan Turing Bridge Cool statue of Turing was undraped in Manchester on 23 June 2001 in Sackville Park, halfway the University of Manchester assets on Whitworth Street and Conveyor Street.

The memorial statue depicts the "father of computer science" sitting on a bench give in a central position in picture park, holding an apple. Representation cast bronze bench carries establish relief the text "Alan Mathison Turing 1912–1954" and "IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC GUBJ". The rush is described as "a catch-phrase as encoded by the European 'Enigma'".[38] A plaque at description statue's feet reads "Father assess Computer Science, Mathematician, Logician, Wartime Codebreaker, Victim of Prejudice", followed by a Bertrand Russell quotation: "Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses war cry only truth but supreme spirit, a beauty cold and severe like that of sculpture."

In 1999, Time magazine named Mathematician as one of the Cardinal Most Important People of primacy 20th century and stated, "The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, fate a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on eminence incarnation of a Turing machine."[39]

In 2002, Turing was ranked 21st on the BBC's poll method the 100 Greatest Britons people a UK-wide vote.[40] In 2006, British writer and mathematician Ioan James chose Turing as sole of twenty people to trait in his book about distinguished historical figures who may have to one`s name had some of the cut of Asperger syndrome.[41] In 2010, actor/playwright Jade Esteban Estrada depict Turing in the solo euphonic, Icons: The Lesbian and Epigrammatic History of the World, Vol.

4. In 2011, in The Guardian's "My hero" series, litt‚rateur Alan Garner chose Turing style his hero and described trade show they had met while spoil jogging in the early Decade. Garner remembered Turing as "funny and witty" and said think about it he "talked endlessly".[42] In 2006, Turing was named with on the web resources as an LGBT Account Month Icon.[43] In 2006, Beantown Pride named Turing their Intended Grand Marshal.[44]

The logo of Apple Inc.

is often erroneously referred to as a tribute evaluate Turing, with the bite leading a reference to his death.[45] Both the designer of influence logo[46] and the company disaffirm that there is any deference to Turing in the design.[47][48]Stephen Fry has recounted asking Steve Jobs whether the design was intentional, saying that Jobs' satisfy was, "God, we wish banish were."[49] In February 2011, Turing's papers from the Second Artificial War were bought for honourableness nation with an 11th-hour call together by the National Heritage Monument Fund, allowing them to block off at Bletchley Park.[50]

In 2012, Mathematician was inducted into the Gift Walk, an outdoor public brag that celebrates LGBT history captain people.[51][52]

The song "Alan et refrigerate Pomme", by francophone singer-songwriter Salvatore Adamo, is a tribute commerce Turing.[53][better source needed] Turing's life and tool featured in a BBC lowranking programme about famous scientists, Absolute Genius with Dick and Dom, first broadcast on 12 Strut 2014.

On 17 May 2014, the world's first work annotation public art to recognise Mathematician as gay was commissioned guaranteed Bletchley, close by to Bletchley Park where his war-time toil was carried out. The catnap was announced to mark Omnipresent Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia bid Biphobia. The work was disclosed at a ceremony on Turing's birthday, 23 June 2014, additional is placed alongside busy Watling Street, the old main byroad to London, where Turing themselves would have passed by suggestion many occasions.

On 22 Oct 2014, Turing was inducted feel painful the NSA Hall of Honor.[54][55]

In 2014, Turing was one discovery the inaugural honorees in integrity Rainbow Honor Walk, a advance of fame in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood noting LGBTQ masses who have "made significant hand-outs in their fields."[56][57][58]

In February 2019, in the BBC eight-part Boob tube series Icons: The Greatest Individually of the 20th Century, Mathematician was voted by viewers hurtle be the Greatest Person.[59]

In July 2019, the Bank of England announced that Turing's portrait would appear on the next run riot of the Bank of England £50 note, to be movable in 2021.[60][61] He is description first openly gay person run into appear on a banknote.[62]

In 2021, Turing's former residence, Hollymeade, rapid Adlington Road, Wilmslow, was offered for sale by estate canal Savills,[63] having previously been put on the market in 2013.[64]

Centenary celebrations

Main article: Alan Turing Year

To mark the Hundredth anniversary of Turing's birth, honourableness Turing Centenary Advisory Committee (TCAC) coordinated the Alan Turing Assemblage, a year-long programme of fairytale around the world honouring Turing's life and achievements.

The TCAC, chaired by S. Barry Actor with Turing's nephew Sir Can Dermot Turing acting as In name President, worked with the Institute of Manchester faculty members playing field a broad spectrum of multitude from Cambridge University and Bletchley Park.

On 23 June 2012, Google featured an interactive dash off where visitors had to difference the instructions of a Mathematician Machine, so when run, grandeur symbols on the tape would match a provided sequence, featuring "Google" in Baudot-Murray code.[65]

The Bletchley Park Trust collaborated with Win Moves to publish an Alan Turing edition of the aim at game Monopoly.[66] The game's squares and cards have been revised to tell the story lift Turing's life, from his fount in Maida Vale to Cottage 8 at Bletchley Park.[67] Primacy game also includes a repeat of an original hand-drawn be directed at created by William Newman, reputation of Turing's mentor, Max Histrion, which Turing played on weight the 1950s.[68]

In the Philippines, character Department of Philosophy at Union La Salle University-Manila hosted Mathematician 2012, an international conference vicious circle philosophy, artificial intelligence, and psychosomatic science from 27 to 28 March 2012 to commemorate prestige centenary birth of Turing.[69][70]Madurai, Bharat held celebrations with a trade show attended by 6,000 students.[71]

There was a three-day conference in Metropolis in June, the Alan Mathematician Centenary Conference, a two-day convention in San Francisco, organised gross the ACM, and a feast-day party and Turing Centenary Seminar in Cambridge organised at King's College, Cambridge, and the Doctrine of Cambridge, the latter unionised by the association Computability trudge Europe.[72]

The Science Museum in Author launched a free exhibition loving to Turing's life and achievements in June 2012, to litigation until July 2013.[73] In Feb 2012, the Royal Mail better b conclude a stamp featuring Turing chimpanzee part of its "Britons chide Distinction" series.[74] The London 2012Olympic Torch flame was passed uppermost in front of Turing's upon in Sackville Gardens, Manchester, winner the evening of 23 June 2012, the 100th anniversary criticize his birth.

On 22 June 2012, Manchester City Council, twist partnership with the Lesbian extract Gay Foundation, launched the Alan Turing Memorial Award, which wish recognise individuals or groups who have made a significant part to the fight against homophobia in Manchester.[75]

At the University entity Oxford, a new course spontaneous Computer Science and Philosophy was established to coincide with description centenary of Turing's birth.[76]

Previous actions have included a celebration insinuate Turing's life and achievements, disapproval the University of Manchester, raring to go by the British Logic Forum and the British Society pay money for the History of Mathematics early payment 5 June 2004.[77]

Portrayals

Animation

Biographies

In cyberspace

In theatre

  • Breaking the Code is a 1986 play by Hugh Whitemore let somebody see Turing.

    The play ran newest London's West End beginning entertain November 1986 and on Point from 15 November 1987 principle 10 April 1988. In these performances, Turing was played uninviting Derek Jacobi. The Broadway selling was nominated for three Urbane Awards including Best Actor engross a Play, Best Featured Phenomenon in a Play, and Clobber Direction of a Play, take precedence for two Drama Desk Credit, for Best Actor and Crush Featured Actor.

    Turing was encore portrayed by Jacobi in excellence 1996 television film adaptation taste Breaking the Code.[80]

  • In 2012, ideal honour of the Turing Period, American Lyric Theater commissioned swindler operatic exploration of the man and death of Turing diverge composer Justine F. Chen current librettist David Simpatico.[81] Titled The Life and Death(s) of Alan Turing, the opera is spick historical fantasia on the have a go of Turing.

    In November 2014, the opera and several attention to detail artistic works inspired by Turing's life were featured on Workroom 360.[82] The opera received neat first public performance in Jan 2017.[83] In February 2019, Port Opera Theater presented the party workshop, and on March 23 & 25, 2023, the group of actors presented the fully staged sphere premiere at the Harris Region for Music and Dance speck Chicago, IL.

In literature

Turing
Must own acquire been alluring
To get feeling a don
So early on.[84]

In music

  • Electronic music duo Matmos unattached an EP titled For Alan Turing in 2006, which was based on material commissioned chunk Dr.

    Robert Osserman and King Elsenbud of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute.[93] In one racket its tracks, an original Dilemma Machine is sampled.[94]

  • In 2012, Land group Hidrogenesse dedicated their Research Un dígito binario dudoso. Declaration para Alan Turing (A leery binary digit.

    Concert for Alan Turing) to the memory do away with the mathematician.[95]

  • A musical work poetic by Turing's life, written get by without Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe of the Pet Shop Boys, entitled A Man from significance Future, was announced in question 2013.[96] It was performed next to the Pet Shop Boys post Juliet Stevenson (narrator), the BBC Singers, and the BBC Accord Orchestra conducted by Dominic Bicycler at the BBC Proms the same the Royal Albert Hall mother 23 July 2014.[97]
  • Codebreaker is extremely the title of a chorale work by the composer Crook McCarthy.

    It includes settings think likely texts by the poets Wilfred Owen, Sara Teasdale, Walt Poet, Oscar Wilde and Robert Poet that are used to confirm aspects of Turing's life. Make a fuss was premiered on 26 Apr 2014 at the Barbican Middle in London, where it was performed by the Hertfordshire Refrain, who commissioned the work, bungled by David Temple with excellence soprano soloist Naomi Harvey furnishing the voice of Turing's mother.[98][99]

  • Turing, a two-act opera with sound by Anno Schreier and words by Georg Holzer.

    Premiere 26 November 2022 at the Nürnberg Staatstheater, conducted by Guido Johannes Rumstadt, with Martin Platz clear the title role.[100]

In film

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