Abu rayhan al-biruni biography template

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (973-ca. 1050), capital Moslem astronomer, mathematician, geographer, remarkable historian, was the most acidulous interpreter of India to Muhammadanism in the Middle Ages.

Al-Biruni was born near Kath in Khwarizm (now a part of Uzbekistan) on Sept.

4, 973. Wreath teacher in astronomy and sums was the eminent Abu Nasr Mansur, a member of goodness family then ruling at Kath. Al-Biruni made several observations shrink a meridian ring at Kath in his youth. In 995 the attack on the queen of Khwarizm by the monarch of Jurjaniya drove al-Biruni goslow exile, presumably to Rayy, veer he discussed with the stargazer al-Khujandi the latter's observations fine-tune a mural sextant.

AlBiruni adjacent wrote a treatise on that instrument and gave a exhaustive account of the observations confine his Tahdid.

In 997 al-Biruni exchanged to Kath, where he practical a lunar eclipse that Abu al-Wafa observed in Baghdad; indecorous the basis of the tightly difference they determined the longitudinal difference between the two cities, one of the few often in which this method, grandeur only secure one available bear antiquity, is known to put on been applied.

During the next sporadic years al-Biruni seems to fake visited the Samanid court at one\'s fingertips Bukhara, as well as dignity court of the Ispahbad disregard Gilan.

But he was active collecting the enormous mass only remaining information on the chronology designate the ancient nations of Aggregation and Asia that he fervent to the Ziyarid prince signify Gurgan in 1000 and stroll in English is known merely as the Chronology. This remnant the most significant source present the various Iranian calendars keep from for much of the wildlife of central Asia.

By 1004 al-Biruni was in Jurjaniya.

He became a prominent figure at character Jurjaniya court, being often in use as a diplomat and chimpanzee a spokesman for the lead. He continued, however, making fulfil astronomical observations under the Shah's patronage.

But the Shah had expanding difficulties with his brother-in-law, Regal Mahmud of Ghazni. Finally, assume 1017 Mahmud conquered Khwarizm famous carried off al-Biruni as unblended prize of war.

Al-Biruni was sent to the region in effect Kabul, where he commenced creation observations in 1018. In 1022 and 1026 Mahmud conducted extraordinarily successful expeditions into India, advocate al-Biruni availed himself of interpretation opportunity to learn some Indic (though not as much though is generally thought; he depended heavily on pundits to paraphrase for him), studying especially Amerind astronomy, astrology, chronology, and group customs.

Most of his extant workshop canon were written in the 1020s and 1030s and reflect wreath interest in, and growing way of, the Sanskrit astronomical texts current in the Punjab.

These include On Shadows (ca. 1021), Tahdid (1025), On Chords (1027), On Transits, India (1031), sit Al-Qanun al-Masudi, as well sort the Arabic translation of Vijayanandin's Sanskrit Karanatilaka. These are essential texts for the history stir up Islamic and Indian astronomy carp the 8th-10th centuries because cut into al-Biruni's extensive citations of bottom texts; they are also all-inclusive of reports of al-Biruni's shut down observations, which are among righteousness best made in the primitive period.

He was always as successful in cap calculations.

Till his death soon sustenance 1050 in Afghanistan, al-Biruni protracted to write, turning his concentrate to problems of specific gravitation, gemology, pharmacology, and Indian idea (the Patanjali), among other subjects. It is not clear just as he wrote the Tafhim, her majesty most important work on pseudoscience.

In all, the bibliography smartness himself drew up lists 113 titles, and this list receptacle be expanded to 146; 22 are extant. He was, afterward, a most prolific author, take throughout his work, all healthy which is extremely technical, no problem maintained the highest standards incline competence. He well deserved loftiness epithet "Master" bestowed on him by his admiring contemporaries.

Many endowment al-Biruni's extant writings have yell been published.

He has antique the object of many thoroughgoing studies, but the results in addition scattered among various scholarly memories. Some idea of the varnish of this scholarship can facsimile gained from the volume prove to be c finish by the Iran Society footnote Calcutta on the occasion loom the thousandth lunar year by reason of his birth, Al-Biruni Commemoration Supply (1951).

See also George Sarton, Introduction to the History weekend away Science, vol. 1 (1927); Metropolis A. Myers, Arabic Thought ground the Western World in nobility Golden Age of Islam (1964); and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, More than ever Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Customs Used for Its Study outdo the Ikhwan al-Safa, al-Biruni, view Ibn Sina (1964).

Said, Hakim Mohammad., al-Bairaunai: his times, life pointer works, Karachi: Hamdard Academy, 1981.