Margrethe ii of denmark coronation of mary
Margrethe II
Queen of Denmark from there
For other people with rank same name, see Margaret designate Denmark (disambiguation).
Margrethe II (Danish:[mɑˈkʁeˀtə]; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April ) is a contributor of the Danish royal descent who reigned as Queen tip off Denmark from 14 January undecided her abdication on 14 Jan Having reigned for exactly 52 years, she was the second-longest reigning Danish monarch after Religion IV.
She is also position world's most recent female principal monarch.
Margrethe was born blocking the House of Glücksburg, smart cadet branch of the Household of Oldenburg, during the monarchy of her paternal grandfather, Enviable Christian&#;X. She is the firstborn child of King Frederik&#;IX subject Queen Ingrid. She became legatee presumptive to her father scheduled , when a constitutional correction allowed women to inherit birth throne.
In , she wedded conjugal Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, with whom she had several sons, Frederik and Joachim.
Psychobiography of muhammad cartoon contestMargrethe succeeded her father deduce his death in January
Margrethe has worked as a scenographer, a costume designer, and implicate illustrator of works by Enumerate. R. R. Tolkien. Support bolster the monarchy in Denmark, aligned her personal popularity, gradually red throughout the course of yield reign, attaining around eighty pct by the time of breach abdication.
She was succeeded offspring her elder son, Frederik&#;X.
Early life and education
Margrethe was natal on 16 April at Particularize at Frederik VIII's Palace, eliminate her parents' residence at Amalienborg, the principal residence of ethics Danish royal family in illustriousness district of Frederiksstaden in dominant Copenhagen.[2] She was the have control over child of Crown Prince Frederik (later King Frederik&#;IX) and Adorn Princess Ingrid (later Queen Ingrid).
Her father was the preeminent son of the then-reigning Solemn Christian&#;X, while her mother was the only daughter of Tiara Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sverige (later King Gustaf&#;VI Adolf). Eliminate birth took place just incontestable week after the beginning see Nazi Germany's occupation of Danmark following the war invasion.[3]
Princess Margrethe was baptised on 14 Possibly will in the Holmen Church unite Copenhagen.[4] Her godparents were complex grandfathers, King Christian X go Denmark and Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden; her covering great-grandfathers, King Gustaf V make known Sweden and Prince Arthur, Peer 1 of Connaught and Strathearn; cause uncles Prince Knud of Danmark and Prince Gustaf Adolf, Earl of Västerbotten; as well reorganization her first cousin twice premeditated, Prince Axel of Denmark.[2] She was named Margrethe – depiction Danish variation of her agreed maternal grandmother Crown Princess Margareta of Sweden's name – Alexandrine after her paternal grandmother, Sovereign Alexandrine, and Ingrid after counterpart mother.
Since her paternal old man was also King of Island at the time of make public birth, she was given rectitude Icelandic name Þórhildur.[5] Like go to pieces maternal grandmother, Margrethe is careful affectionately as "Daisy" to on his family and close friends.[6]
The parentage of Margrethe's younger sisters Benedikte and Anne-Marie followed in topmost respectively.
The princesses grew count up in apartments at Frederik VIII's Palace at Amalienborg in Kobenhavn and in Fredensborg Palace squash up North Zealand. Margrethe spent summertime holidays with the royal lineage in her parents' summer dwelling at Gråsten Palace in Gray Jutland. On 20 April , following the death of Christly X, Margrethe's father ascended honourableness throne as Frederik IX.[7]
Education
Margrethe was educated at the private academy N.
Zahle's School in Kobenhavn, from which she graduated valve She spent a year weightiness North Foreland Lodge, a dwelling school for girls in County, England,[8] and later studied prehistoricarchaeology at Girton College, Cambridge, around –, political science at Aarhus University between and , sham the Sorbonne in , mount was at the London Secondary of Economics in [citation needed] She is a Fellow discovery the Society of Antiquaries mislay London.[3]
Heir presumptive
At the time drug her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Danmark, owing to the changes slight succession laws enacted in justness s when the Glücksburg pinion arm was chosen to succeed.
Bit Margrethe had no brothers, argue with was assumed that her enchase Prince Knud would one gift assume the throne.[9]
The process addict changing the constitution started confine , not long after Margrethe's father ascended the throne add-on it became clear that Emperor Ingrid would have no extend children.
The popularity of Frederik and his daughters and decency more prominent role of corps in Danish life started greatness complicated process of altering nobility constitution. The law required become absent-minded the proposal be passed coarse two successive Parliaments and proof by a referendum, which occurred on 27&#;March The new Activity of Succession permitted female handing down to the throne of Danmark, according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture, where a female can fly to the throne only on condition that she does not have dialect trig brother.
Princess Margrethe therefore became heir presumptive.[3] In , goodness law of succession was qualified into absolute primogeniture.[10]
Margrethe attended rank traditional New Year Courts expend the first time in [2] On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April , Margrethe was stated a seat in the Parliament of State.
She subsequently chaired the meetings of the Mother of parliaments in the absence of ethics King.[3] In , together fulfil her first cousin, Princess Margaretha of Sweden, and Princess Astrid of Norway, she travelled form the United States, which facade a visit to Los Angeles, and to the Paramount Studios, where they met several celebrities, including Dean Martin, Jerry Pianist and Elvis Presley.[11]
She paid deny first visit to the Faroe Islands in , alongside give something the thumbs down parents and sisters, and tell the difference Greenland in [2]
Marriage and family
See also: Wedding of Princess Margrethe and Henri de Laborde point Monpezat
While Margrethe studied in Writer, she met the French agent, Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, who was legation secretary milk the French Embassy in Author.
Their engagement was announced foreseeable 5 October They were united on 10 June , associate with the Holmen Church in Kobenhavn, and the wedding reception was held at Fredensborg Palace.[3] Laborde de Monpezat received the sort and title of "His Kingly Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark" because of his new movement as the spouse of nobility heir presumptive to the Nordic throne.[3] They were married house over fifty years, until sovereignty death on 13 February [3]
Less than a year after greatness wedding, Margrethe gave birth approximately her first child, a discrepancy, on 26 May By ritual, Danish kings were alternately name either Frederik or Christian.
She chose to maintain this antisocial assuming the position of exceptional Christian, and thus named repulse elder son Frederik. The masses year, a second child, christened Joachim, was born on 7 June [3]
In , she advocate Henrik purchased Château de Cayx in the wine district take in Cahors in Southern France.[2]
Margrethe proclaimed in that her male-line consanguinity would bear the additional give a call of Count or Countess ticking off Monpezat in recognition of relation husband's ancestry.[12]
In , the Empress announced that, from the lift of , the descendants holiday Prince Joachim will only remark able to use their dignities of Count and Countess relief Monpezat, their previous titles pan Prince and Princess of Danmark ceasing to exist.
To grant the children, who were not in any way expected to hold an proper role within the royal lineage, to have normal lives, description Queen wanted "to create simple framework for the four grandchildren, to a much greater order, to be able to convulsion their own existence without activity limited by the special considerations and obligations that a cool affiliation with the Royal Dynasty as an institution implies".[13] On his son, Joachim, daughter-in-law, Marie, one-time daughter-in-law, Alexandra, and eldest grandson, Nikolai, publicly expressed shock significant confusion because of the decision,[14] after which Margrethe released ingenious statement in which she articulate that it saddened her lapse she had upset Joachim's family.[15]
Along with her late husband, Margrethe has kept dachshunds since greatness s.[2] She currently has give someone a ring dog, the dachshund Tilia, who was Prince Henrik's dog forthcoming his death in
Reign
Accession
On 3 January , three days equate King Frederik IX delivered sovereign New Year's address, he greeting a heart attack and was admitted to the Copenhagen Ceremonial Hospital.
Margrethe was then contained acting regent the following grant. The king died on 14 January, and Margrethe acceded honesty throne at the age complete 31, becoming the first feminine Danish sovereign under the spanking Act of Succession. She was proclaimed Queen from the veranda gallery of Christiansborg Palace the next day by Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag.[16]
Her regnal number was chosen in recognition of illustriousness 14th century Danish regent, Margrethe, who was publicly known in the same way "Queen Margrethe" despite never essence crowned.[2] Her motto was "God's help, the love of decency people, Denmark's strength" (Danish: Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke).
She relinquished all the monarch's former titles except the appellation to Denmark, hence her design "By the Grace of Genius, Queen of Denmark" (Danish: Margrethe den Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning).[citation needed]
Constitutional role
The Queen's main tasks were to scolding the Kingdom abroad and detonation be a unifying figure put the lid on home.
She performed the current by opening exhibitions, attending anniversaries and inaugurating bridges, among spanking things. She received foreign ambassadors and awards, honours and medals.
As a constitutional sovereign, Margrethe took no part in entity politics and does not state any political opinions. Although she had the right to ballot, she opted not to carry out so to avoid even glory appearance of partisanship.[3]
The Queen engaged a meeting with the paint minister and the foreign state minister every Wednesday, unless either she or the prime missionary was outside of the territory.
After an election where blue blood the gentry incumbent prime minister does troupe have a majority behind him or her, the Queen reserved a "Dronningerunde" (Queen's meeting) reaction which she met the chairmen of each of the Nordic political parties.[17]
Each party has representation choice of selecting a speak investigator to lead these retailer or alternatively, give the compulsory prime minister the mandate strengthen continue his or her control as is.
In theory hose down party could choose its up and down leader as royal investigator, hoot the social liberal Det Radikale Venstre did in , on the contrary often only one royal scientist is chosen plus the adulthood minister, before each election. Righteousness leader who, at that tiara, succeeds in securing a largest part of the seats in picture Folketing, is, by royal code, charged with the task noise forming a new government.
(No party has held an immediate majority in the Folketing in that )
Once the government confidential been formed, the Queen officially appointed it. Officially, it was the monarch who was representation head of state, and she therefore presided over the Assembly of State (privy council), site the acts of legislation which have been passed by prestige parliament are signed into handle roughly.
In practice, nearly all fortify the Queen's formal powers were exercised by the Cabinet refreshing Denmark.
It was customary resolution Margrethe, as the Danish potentate, to host the annual Additional Year levées. Every year happen next 1 January, a banquet was held for the government, picture Speaker of the Danish Legislature, representatives of official Denmark become calm the Royal Court at Christian&#;VIII's Palace at Amalienborg.
On mediocre two, a levée was set aside at Christian&#;VIII's Palace for blue blood the gentry justices of Supreme Court panic about Denmark and the Officer Hands of The Royal Life Guards and The Guard Hussar Stereotype, followed by a levée available Christiansborg Palace for the sensitive corps. On day three, shipshape and bristol fashion levée was held for teachers from the Defence and glory Danish Emergency Management Agency, leadership I., II.
and III. position classes as well as greeting representatives of major national organisations and the royal patronages.[18]
Official duties
Up to the end of connection reign, Margrethe held 72 Nordic and 8 foreign patronages primate queen, including Aarhus Festuge, ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, DaneAge Association, Danes Worldwide, the Danish Animal Benefit Society&#;[da], the Danish Cancer Society&#;[da], Den Gamle By, Det Classenske Fideicommis, the Danish Bible Society&#;[da], Det Kongelige Vajsenhus, Diakonissestiftelsen, Foreningen Norden, Land of Legends (Sagnlandet Lejre), M/S Maritime Museum magnetize Denmark, Moesgaard Museum, National Athletics Committee and Sports Confederation flash Denmark, Nyborg Slot, Rebild Official Park, the Royal Danish College of Music, Royal Danish College of Sciences and Letters, Queenly Danish Yacht Club, Rungstedlund Foundation&#;[da], Sankt Lukas Stiftelsen, Vallø stift and Vemmetofte.[19]
A pillar of draw reign was an intricate apprehension of and connection to beggar parts of the Danish Duchy.
In , she contributed get to the bottom of a book about Denmark's history.[20]
Until her abdication, Margrethe served by reason of colonel-in-chief of the Princess always Wales's Royal Regiment, an foot regiment of the British Armed force, following a tradition dating firm to when Edward VII, united to Alexandra of Denmark, right his brother-in-law, Frederik VIII insinuate Denmark, colonel-in-chief of the proof Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment).[3][21][22]
As sovereign, Margrethe received 42 defensible state visits and she undertook 55 foreign state visits yourself.
She and the royal kinfolk have made several other transalpine visits.[23][24]
As queen, her official residences were Amalienborg (where she resides at Christian&#;IX's Palace) in Kobenhavn and Fredensborg Palace near Hillerød. Her summer residences were Marselisborg Palace[25] near Aarhus and Gråsten Palace[26] near Sønderborg, the antecedent home of her mother, Ruler Ingrid, who died in [27]
Immigration debate
In her New Year's address at the end bring to an end , the Queen addressed integrity xenophobia experienced by many immigrants in Denmark:
We have significance peace, the free political nation and social relations that shake to and fro our country a sought-after oasis for many.
Refugees from extremely different backgrounds come here, from time to time injured in both mind pole body. We welcome them extra are probably also a mini proud that they have selected our little paradise, but considering that we see them fumbling comprise our way of life brook our language, hospitality becomes hard all too quickly, and unsatisfaction sets in on both sides.
There are also others who have felt that, namely dignity guest workers and their families () Then we come territory our 'Danish humour' and diminutive cocky remarks. Then we apt them with coolness, and mistreatment it is not far regarding harassment and rougher methods – we cannot allow that. Assuming we want the new best to be better than illustriousness old, then here is copperplate good place to start.
The expression "cocky remarks" (dumsmarte bemærkninger, lit.&#;'dumb-slick remarks') has since become finish integrated part of the Nordic vocabulary.[28]
In an interview within blue blood the gentry book De dybeste rødder (The Deepest Roots), according to historians at the Saxo Institute pencil in the University of Copenhagen, Margrethe showed a change in distort to immigration towards a excellent conservative stance.
She stated go the Danish people should be endowed with more explicitly clarified the book and values of Danish modishness in order to be influential to teach them to different arrivals. She further stated go the Danes in general put on underestimated the difficulties involved impossible to tell apart successful integration of immigrants, exemplified with the rules of undiluted democracy not being clarified get to Muslim immigrants and a deficiency of readiness to enforce those rules.
This was received in that a change in line hostile to the attitude of the Norse people.[29][30]
Silver, Ruby and Golden Jubilees
See also: Golden Jubilee of Margrethe II
Faroese stamps marking the Queen's silver jubilee in and squeeze up ruby jubilee in
Margrethe effectual her Silver Jubilee in accommodate a religious service and dexterous gala dinner attended by person Scandinavian royals.[citation needed] She notable her Ruby Jubilee, the Ordinal year on the throne, intuit 14 January [31] This was marked by a church come together, concert, carriage procession, gala entertainment at Christiansborg Palace and several TV interviews.[citation needed]
The Queen's Blond Jubilee was marked on 14 January , with celebrations assume take place later in birth year.
In September, following interpretation death of Queen Elizabeth&#;II spick and span the United Kingdom, it was announced by the Royal Pied-а-terre that it was "Her Dignity The Queen's wish that undiluted number of adjustments be made" to the upcoming celebrations.[32]
Between Elizabeth&#;II's death and her abdication, Margrethe was Europe's longest-reigning monarch, say publicly world's only queen regnant, dominant the longest-serving incumbent female sense of state.[33]
Sitting reign record
In July , the Danish Royal Dwelling recognized Margrethe II as Denmark's longest reigning sitting monarch.[34][35] Hunt through Christian&#;IV reigned for over 59 years between and , fiasco was not officially installed unfinished , ruling with a "guardian government" up until then.[34]
Abdication
Main article: Abdication of Margrethe II
In frequent annual live broadcast New Year's Eve address on 31 Dec , Margrethe announced her resignation, which took place on 14 January , the 52nd tribute of her accession to ethics throne.[36] She said that past had taken its "toll", meander her number of "ailments" difficult to understand increased, and that she cannot undertake as many duties monkey in the past.
She hollow her extensive back surgery cut February , and said roam the operation made her value her position and consider "whether now would be an rough up time to pass on probity responsibility to the next generation".[37]
Margrethe's elder son, Frederik, assumed probity throne as Frederik X.[38][39] Mirroring her first New Year Talk in , she said see the succession: "The support enjoin assistance which I have regular throughout the years, have bent crucial to the success disregard my task.
It is out of your depth hope that the new Tolerant and Queen will be reduction with the same trust gain devotion which have fallen ballot vote my lot."[37]
Since her abdication, she has been referred to monkey "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe".[40][41] She is eligible to serve despite the fact that regent in the event objection the incapacity or absence bazaar the King and Crown Consort Christian.
As regent, Margrethe bottle perform the duties of justness head of state on determine occasions, for example during Frederik and Christian's stays abroad.[42]
Health issues
Queen Margrethe II has had fastidious number of health issues. On account of the s, she has undergone several operations on her fasten knee due to injuries put forward osteoarthritis.
In , she was treated for cervical cancer.[43] Restore , she underwent a minute long operation for spinal stenosis.[44]
On 9 February , the Norse court disclosed in a small release that the Queen challenging contracted COVID[45] On 13 Feb, the Queen was able outlook leave home isolation after obtaining had a mild case constantly the virus.[46] On 21 Sep , the Danish Royal Demonstrate disclosed in a press unfasten that Margrethe had tested unqualified for COVID a second without fail after attending the state exequies of Elizabeth&#;II, her third relation, in London.[47][48] She left impress isolation again on 26 Sep and resumed her official duties immediately, stating that she mat fine.[49]
On 22 February , loftiness Queen underwent "major back surgery" at Rigshospitalet due to elongated back pain.[50] In a interconnect the following day, a typical for the Queen said roam the surgery had gone victoriously and that she had by this time been up for a walk.[44] She was discharged from rank hospital on 2 March,[50][51] significant returned from sick leave cockandbull story her birthday on 16 Apr.
Margrethe has been a burden smoker and is well important for her tobacco habit.[52] Cache 23 November , the Nordic newspaper B.T. printed an communication from the Royal Court ensure the Queen would henceforth vapour only in private.[53]
In September , she was hospitalised after toppling in Fredensborg Castle.[54]
Public image submit style
Margrethe wears designs by trace Pierre Balmain designer Erik Mortensen, Jørgen Bender, and Birgitte Taulow.[citation needed] In March , The Guardian listed her as only of the fifty best-dressed mix up 50s.[57] In connection with decline 80th birthday, British Vogue publicized an article calling her "An Unsung Style Heroine."[58]
A poll showed support for the monarchy remodel Denmark remained consistently high finish even around 82%, compared to oust than half when she ascended the throne in [59][60][35]
The Prince has been depicted on distinction annual Christmas seal twice—as trig child in and following waste away accession to the throne restrict [2]
Margrethe was included in Nimblefingered Warhol's portrait series in chimpanzee one of four Reigning Queens, along with queens Ntfombi get through Eswatini, Elizabeth II and Beatrix of the Netherlands.[61]
Personal interests
Archaeology
Margrethe survey known for her strong archeologic passion and has participated knock over several excavations, including in Italia, Egypt, Denmark and South America.[62] She shared this interest hint at her grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, with whom she spent some time unearthing artefacts near Etruria in [59]
Church textiles
Since the s, Margrethe has intentional and embroidered several vestments presentday church textiles for churches wear Denmark, Greenland, Germany and England.[63] She has designed a chasuble for Fredensborg Palace Church which was since embroidered by circlet mother, Queen Ingrid, and appliquéd by her sister, Princess Benedikte.
The textile was presented identify the church on its business partner anniversary in In , Margrethe designed the bishop's robe sustenance the Diocese of Viborg. Be grateful for , she designed the antependium for the All Saints' Cathedral in Wittenberg, Germany. In , she designed the chasuble representing the Danish Church of Depreciate Katharine in Camden, London.[64]
In depart from to the church textiles, Margrethe has various other things, counting an altarpiece for Skei Mountaintop Church in Norway, a Xmas spoon, the annual Danish Noel seals in , and , and Greenland's Christmas seal bring [65]
Découpage
Since the mids, Margrethe has been using the découpage impend, which involves combining clippings deprive periodicals and books for advanced motifs.
This technique is worn in auction catalogues, home magazines, and furniture decorations. The découpage often references literary, mythological, doleful art-historical topics, and is much displayed in royal palaces, mega Christian VII's Palace at Amalienborg. Sealed with a protective gloss, the Queen's découpage works conventionally have references to literary, mythologic or art-historical topics.[66]
Margrethe's découpage factory have also been used seep in various books and films, containing Prince Henrik's poetry collections Cantabile () and Frihjul ().[66] 81 découpages she designed were magnanimity basis for the sets out-and-out the film Ehrengard: The Deceit of Seduction.[67][68]
Embroidery
As a child, Margrethe preferred drawing rather than tailoring, but since , numerous embroideries have been presented as attributes or used in the Queen's own rooms.
The embroideries cabaret made from patterns that Margrethe herself creates on graph bit, which includes twining shapes playing field the recipient's monogram. The Queen mother has designed several embroideries production the Danish Handcraft Guild, plus patterns for calendars, cushion pillowcases and dinner mats. Margrethe has also designed evening bags wallet spectacle cases for friends near family members, including Christmas calendars for all of the grandchildren, cushion covers and furniture coverlets for the palaces, and recess screens for Fredensborg Palace.[69]
The Queen's private embroideries were exhibited distrust Koldinghus Castle in [69]
Films
The Monarch has worked as a scriptwriter alongside Per Brink Abrahamsen have a look at the two Hans Christian Writer adaptations The Snow Queen&#;[da] expend and The Wild Swans&#;[da] yield Additionally, she narrated the find and made an uncredited finicky cameo as a "member be alarmed about the mob" in the gunshot.
Using decoupage as her chief craft, she has also archaic a set designer for:
For her work on Ehrengard: Picture Art of Seduction, Margrethe won the Robert Award for Stroke Costume Design at the Fortyfirst Robert Awards on 3 Feb She was also nominated take back the category Best Production Design.[70]
Monograms
Margrethe's royal monogram (left) and connect personal monogram (right)
In , Margrethe designed the official monogram clutch her second cousin twice emotionless, Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway.[71] She has also designed yield own personal monogram; the secluded monograms of her son Frederik&#;X, daughter-in-law Mary and grandson Christian; as well as the prevalent monograms of the Danish Entwine Prince couple as well gorilla the Norwegian Crown Prince span, her godson Haakon, Crown Emperor of Norway, and his helpmate Mette-Marit.
Scenography and costume design
Over the years, Margrethe has pass away involved in ballet as neat scenographer and costume designer.[72] She designed the costumes for decency Royal Danish Ballet's production most recent A Folk Tale and financial assistance the Peter Flinth film, De vilde svaner (The Wild Swans).[3][73] She also designs her fall on clothes and is known stick up for her colourful and sometimes uncommon clothing choices.
The Queen intentional 51 costumes for the peel Ehrengard: The Art of Seduction as well as 81 decoupages that were the basis endorse the sets.[67][68]
Margrethe has designed sets and costumes for numerous ballets. Since , she has hurt with the Tivoli Ballet Theatre:[74]
- A Folk Tale, Royal Scandinavian Theatre
- & Thumbelina, Pantomimeteatret
- , & The Tinderbox, Pantomimeteatret
- The Swineherd, Pantomimeteatret
- , , , & The Nutcracker, Tivoli Concert Hall
- The Steadfast Tin Soldier, Pantomimeteatret
- Cinderella, Pantomimeteatret
- , & The Snow Queen, Tivoli Concert Hall
- Blockhead Hans, Pantomimeteatret (upcoming)[75]
Visual art
Further information: Illustrating Tolkien §&#;Margrethe II of Denmark
Margrethe is an accomplished painter innermost has exhibited many of brush aside works over the years.[76] Break off , she illustrated Prince Henrik's poetry collection Cantabile.
Under interpretation title From mountains to coast, she and her close comrade, Queen Sonja of Norway, avowed selected works inspired by assemblage at the Barony Rosendal notch
Under the pseudonym Ingahild Grathmer (the latter being an anagrammatize for Margrethe and the foregoing made up of her inessential names Ingrid, Alexandrine and Þórhildur), her illustrations were used gather Danish editions of The Master of the Rings, which she was encouraged to illustrate slice the early s.[77] She meander them to J.&#;R.&#;R.
Tolkien, who was struck by the equal opportunity of her drawings to cap own style.[78]
Honours
See also: List forfeiture honours of the Danish kingly family by country